With no international researches aiming it, we need to gain more information about the relevance of fallow treatments in the special, water limited circumstances of the Carpathian Basin. A new field trial was established under ploughing and minimal tillage managements combined with 4 different types of fallow treatments: unsown fallow, phacelia, canola and winter mix to answer the role of sown fallow in our agro-ecosystem. These results would be also used for model development. The outcome of the project would contribute to develop climate change adaptation strategies for a sustainable and climate smart agriculture in Hungary. These solutions would help to find win-win strategies of climate change mitigation, production and agro-ecosystem services.